Tools and downloads | Mix It Up™ Brought to you by Bayer

Widespread in summer wheat production, wild oat has a very high growth rate and greatly reduces yield. Because it’s comparable to wheat, it is very competitive; only 5 plants per hectare are tolerated on wheat seed propagation fields. It can grow in most soils (heavy, light, acid, alkaline) but is particularly troublesome in cereals on heavy land.

· Young plant: youngest leaf is rolled, leaf blades coloured dark green, up to 40 cm long and 4 to 18 mm wide.
· Leaves: membranous ligule up to 6 mm long, often irregularly toothed; no auricles; sheaths smooth or slightly hairy, especially in younger plants.
· Flowers: loose, open panicle with 2- or 3-flowered pedicelled spikelets; lemmas end in 2 small teeth, 2 to 3 awns rising from back, mostly dark-colored, bent and 3 to 4 cm long.
· Stems: erect, from 40 to 150 cm high.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 1 resistance – wheat solutions
· Varro™ (Group 2), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 1 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)
· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Puma Advance (Group 1), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10), Centurion (Group 1)
· Group 8 resistance – wheat solutions
· Puma Advance (Group 1), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Varro (Group 2), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 8 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)
· Group 1, 2, 8 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

An annual or winter annual reproducing by seeds only. Ball mustard leaves alternate, entirely or occasionally, with a few blunt teeth, sparsely covered with starry hairs. Lower leaves are somewhat stalked and lanceolate, while upper leaves are arrow-shaped and clasping the stem. Its small flowers are yellow to orange-yellow and about three mm across, clustered at the ends of stems. The stem is erect, anywhere from 30 to 60 cm high, branched above, small, star-shaped hairs especially on lower portion.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Pardner® (Group 6), Thumper® (Group 4, 6)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

While individual plants cause only moderate yield reduction, the risk with green foxtail is that it often occurs in high densities. It can escape control by late emergence after herbicides have typically been applied.

· Cotyledons: oblong with hairy margins.
· Leaves: wide, flat, acuminate, light green (sometimes reddish-purple), drooping, distinctly but finely veined with prominent mid-vein below (keeled), mid-vein white or light green, scabrous above, usually glabrous below.
· Flowers: dense spike-like panicle inflorescence, erect or slightly nodding at the tip, rachis often pilose; spikelets in very short panicle branches, each spikelet elliptical, subtended by 1 to 3 bristles 5 to 10 mm long, usually green, rarely purple.
· Stems: more-or-less erect, thin and hairless up to 70 cm, rarely 100 cm high.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 1 resistance – wheat solutions
· Varro™ (Group 2), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 1 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)
· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Puma Advance (Group 1), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)
· Centurion (Group 1)
· Group 3 resistance – wheat solutions
· Varro (Group 2), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27), Puma Advance (Group 1), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27)
· Group 3 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)
· Centurion (Group 1)
· Group 1, 3 resistance – wheat solutions
· Varro (Group 2), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 1, 3 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

Competing mainly for water and nutrients, chickweed is an annual or perennial prostrate weed that can germinate in fall or spring. The fall-germinating plants can make seeds by the following spring; they can form thick mats in winter cereals in mild weather conditions. It is typically found in good, well-tilled and moist soils.

· Cotyledons: stemmed, lanceolate, smooth-edged, pale green, hairless, with a distinct midrib.
· Leaves: opposite, in pairs, small, a pointed oval in shape, lower leaves stemmed, with a line of hairs on the stem.
· Flowers: Round, prostrate and intertwining, generally with one row of hairs; plant can root from the nodes.
· Stems: inconspicuous, small, star-shaped, in loose cymes; five white petals, deeply divided so that there appear to be 10 petals

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Infinity (Group 6, 27), Thumper® (Group 4, 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

Wild mustard competes strongly for soil nutrients. It only reduces yield and interferes with combine harvesting in high densities and when no chemical weed control methods are applied. It prefers better, nutrient-rich or lime-rich soils.

· Leaves: lower leaves petiolate, lobed, or sinuate-dentate, nearly lyre-formed; upper leaves ovate-oblong, only short-petiolate to sessile, irregularly dentate, usually undivided.
· Flowers: numerous in dense, compounded clusters (corymb-like), as much as 30 cm long, gold-yellow.
· Stems: erect, with ramified branches especially at top, roughly haired below, up to 60 cm high.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Thumper®(Group 4, 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)
· Group 4 resistance – wheat solutions
· Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Varro (Group 2), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 4 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)
· Group 5 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Thumper®(Group 4, 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 5 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Infinity (Group 6, 27), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2, 4 resistance – wheat solutions
· Infinity (Group 6, 27), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2, 4 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

Leading to moderate yield reduction but relatively easy to control in corn and cereals, annual sow-thistle thrives in humus-rich, chalky, mild soils that are well supplied with nutrients

· Young plant: round, often flatly sinuate in front, light green.
· Leaves: first leaves nearly circular, with fine teeth; following leaves runcinate-pinnatifid or undivided, soft, blue-green, enclosing the stalk sagittately, prickly dentate.
· Flowers: heads (only labial flowers) light yellow to greenish yellow; capitulums and peduncles without glandular hairs.
· Stems: erect, thick, ramified, up to 80 cm to 100 cm high.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

One of the most common weeds in cereals and root crops. Owing to its winding growing habit, it seriously reduces yields and interferes with combine harvesting, and can sometimes grow en masse.

· Cotyledons: long, narrow, bending downwards, with two halves unequal in size.
· Leaves: ordate-sagittate, petiolate, juicy green, often reddish-tinged, pinnate-nerved, with ligule often incised; tips retracted downwards.
· Flowers: small, inconspicuous, short-pedunculate, greenish, white-margined, in pairs or several in the axils.
· Stems: thin, single or ramified, twisting, 20 to 100 cm long or high.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Thumper® (Group 4, 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

A noxious, invasive annual weed that reduces crop yield due to effective competition for light, nutrients and soil moisture, Kochia is highly adaptable and invades dry pastures, rangelands and cropland, ditch banks, wastelands and cultivated fields. It is very drought tolerant and can spread rapidly in these conditions.

· Young plant: appears as a rosette, with narrow lance-shaped leaves.
· Leaves: alternate, simple leaves are pubescent to nearly glabrous, 2.5 to 5 cm long, lanceolate to linear with hairy margins, and without petioles.
· Flowers: small, greenish, inconspicuous at the end of branches.
· Stems: erect, ramified, up to 30 to 150 cm high; main stem and branches covered with villous hairs.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 and Group 2, 9 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Thumper®(Group 4, 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 and Group 2, 9 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

This aggressive weed is native to tropical areas, but today is found throughout the US and is now growing in Canada. Pigweed greatly reduces yield and quality of crop, and interferes with combine harvesting. Because of its rapid growth and deep root system (longer than one metre), it competes fiercely for water and nutrition, and is very resistant to drought.

· Leaves: long petiolate leaves, ovate, pointed, gray-green.
· Flowers: borne in short, dense, sometimes branched spikes up to 20 cm long; green, each flower unisexual but with both male and female flowers on the same plant.
· Stems: erect, single or branched, light green to reddish, fairly short and rough.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Thumper®(Group 4, 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

Hemp-nettle is an annual, seed-propagated weed that grows up to 40 cm (15.74 inches) tall. It moderately reduces yield and interferes with combine harvesting. To deal with it, the soil surface should be cultivated in spring and autumn. Regular hoeing in spring will destroy most seedlings. Delayed crop drilling allows time for pre-sowing cultivations to kill the first flush of seedlings.

· Leaves: long oval in shape, with downy hairs on both sides, with large regular teeth and reddish-brown stem.
· Flowers: pink-to-bluish-purple arising from the axils; dense whorls of flowers in the axils, pink-to-bluish-purple; upper lip helmet-like, middle lobe of lower lip almost square, with a yellow blotch, edged with purple, on lower lip.
· Stems: square in cross-section, with swollen stem nodes; simple or branched, rough owing to their stiff hairs.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Infinity (Group 6, 27), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 4 resistance – wheat solutions
· Infinity (Group 6, 27), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Varro (Group 2), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)
· Group 4 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

An annual weed that reproduces by seed. Seeds germinate from late April to late May. Its leaves (anywhere from 2.5 to 8 cm long) are opposite and clasping, as well as being smooth and hairless. Flowers are pink and funnel-shaped, with five petals. The stems are erect and up to one metre tall, with swollen joints.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Thumper®(Group 4, 6)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

An annual, monoecious weed, lamb’s quarters is typically found with row crops, causing yield reduction by nutritional deficiency, as well as competing strongly for light, water and nutrients. It also interferes with harvesting. It propagates itself by seed and occurs in many forms, up to 150 cm (59.05 inch) tall with a strong taproot.

· Leaves: very variable, oval to triangular in shape, dark green, mostly with uneven, forward-pointing teeth; underside of leaves reddish-purple, upper surface has a mealy, silvery coating.
· Flowers: Small, forming a pyramid-shaped inflorescence, inconspicuous and greenish in color, in closely packed clusters in the leaf axils; monoecious.
· Stems: lower stem rounded or pentagonal in cross-section, mealy and silvery in appearance.
· Cotyledons: fleshy, long and narrow with rounded tips, stemmed.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Thumper®(Group 4, 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

Looking somewhat similar to a dandelion, Narrow-leaved hawk’s beard grows anywhere from 20 to 60 cm tall. Its leaves change shape the higher up the stem they are – there is a rosette of basal leaves, each up to 15 cm (6 inches) long and 2.5 cm (1 inch) wide, coarsely toothed with a pointed tip and short leaf stem. Leaves on the lower part of the stem are more irregularly toothed or divided with sharply pointed lobes and curled. It grows a single yellow flower-like capitula 1.5 to 2 cm (0.6 to 0.8 in.) wide, surrounded by involucral bracts.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Infinity (Group 2,27), Tundra (Group 1,6,27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

A weed that’s common in cultivated fields, along roadsides and in other disturbed areas. Pale smartweed is very competitive, greatly reduces yield and interferes with combine harvesting. In order to control it, it’s necessary to use a combination of preventive, physical and chemical control methods – including varying the modes of action of herbicides that are used. Pale smartweed is an annual, many-formed, seed-propagated weed with a spindle-shaped root. Its hollow stem is swollen above the nodes, with sunken glands on the lower surface of the leaves, nodding spikes, and flattened seeds.

· Leaves: elliptical-lanceolate, widest in the lowest third, markedly petiolate, upper surface often reddish-splotched, underside heavily glandularly dotted; membranous tube on the leaves' bases, loosely adjacent to the stalk; at the margin only short ciliate; first true leaf long, narrow and hairy, with a silvery appearance.
· Flowers: small, greenish white to pale pink, in erect cylindrical, terminal or axillary inflorescences. Each flower cluster to 8 cm (3.15 inches) long, 3 to 9 mm (0.12 to 0.35 inch) thick, nodding.
· Stems: erect or ascending, usually ramified, hairless, red spotted, up to 100 cm (39.37 inch) high.
· Cotyledons: slender, length three times the width, with usually reddish hypocotyls.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Thumper®(Group 4, 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

Powell amaranth is an annual, reproducing by seeds. Its leaves alternate on the stem, long-stalked, and range from dull green to shiny or reddish green. The leaf blade is oval- to diamond-shaped, but is usually broader at the base. The margins of the leaves are smooth. The tips of the leaves are pointed or sometimes slightly notched. The first leaves are tapered and pinched at the ends which is a distinguishing factor from redroot and smooth pigwee. Its flowers are small, green and crowded into coarse, bristly spikes at the top of the plant, with smaller spikes in the leaf axils below. They are longer and have a narrower terminal spike than redroot and smooth pigweed

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

An annual spiny weed that reproduces by seed. It has sharp-pointed alternating leaves, 2.5 to 5 cm long, that drop off at maturity. Its small flowers are either green or pink; they’re found in the leaf axils. The stem is branched and bushy, up to 1.0 m high, and often reddish striped.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Thumper®(Group 4, 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

Shepherd’s-purse is an annual or hardy-annual (facultative biennial), seed-propagated weed with many forms. Commonly found in many crops, shepherd’s-purse does not impact yield very much and does not interfere with combine harvesting – unless present in a large infestation, in which case its impact can be more severe. Mechanical weeding is a typical way of dealing with this weed.

· Cotyledons: oblong-oval, very small, short-petiolate, prostrate.
· Leaves: initially orbicular or spoon-shaped, first leaf usually entire; following leaves oblong, dentate or sinuately lobed to deeply incised, all petiolate; stalk leaves lanceolate, often undivided, sagittate sessile.
· Flowers: small, white, in terminal, umbellately compacted inflorescence.
· Stems: erect, simple or projectingly ramified, up to 50 cm (19.68 inch) high.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Thumper®(Group 4, 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)

An annual or winter annual, stinkweed reproduces by seed. It gives off a distinctive unpleasant odour when its leaves are crushed. Stinkweed is a significant agricultural weed that competes with crops for moisture and space. It often emerges in high densities and causes large reductions in yield. Mechanical weed control methods in its early growth stages usually result in good control of this weed.

· Cotyledons: small, opposite, ovate
· Leaves: lower leaves can be in the form of a rosette; in erect plants, leaves are alternate and without hairs; upper leaves clasp the stem.
· Flowers: small, stalked, white petals.
· Stems: smooth, erect, 5 to 60 cm (2 to 24 in.) high, and often branched.

SOLUTIONS

· Group 2 resistance – wheat solutions
· Buctril® M (Group 4, 6), Infinity (Group 6, 27), Pardner® (Group 6), Thumper® (Group 4, 6), Tundra (Group 1, 6, 27), Velocity m3 (Group 2, 6, 27)
· Group 2 resistance – canola solutions
· Liberty in LibertyLink canola (Group 10)